UCITA 之規定

在 UCITA 之適用範圍僅包含以電子資料、軟體等無形物為標的之契約，不 包含以有形物為標的但以網路方式交易之契約，UCITA 之保護客體為電腦資訊 交易(computer information transaction)，而所謂電腦資訊交易，指修改、傳送、授 權電腦資訊或資訊權利，包含SECTION 612 條之支援契約，而不包含僅因當事 人使用電腦資訊形式進行交易²¹⁰，與以網路方式進行各種交易之電子商務契約定 義不同，合先敘明。

其對於契約如何成立之規範，有「明示同意」、「審閱機會」、「大量市場授權 契約」等概念，說明如下：

所謂明示同意(manifesting assent)，可觀察 SECTION 112 部分²¹¹，指出契約 需有明示同意，對某訊息或條項為明示同意之前提，為知悉訊息或條項、有機會 審閱訊息或條項或有訊息或條項之影本，以確認相對人有機會知悉契約內容，其 中有機會審閱，即類似我國之審閱期間規範。

所謂審閱機會(opportunity to review)，可觀察 SECTION 113²¹²之內容，在引

209 王傳芬（2000），《網路交易法律錦囊-消費者權益保護》，頁 204，台北：元照。

210 SECTION 102.:” Computer information transaction” means an agreement or the performance of it to create, modify, transfer, or license computer information or informational rights in computer information. The term includes a support contract under Section 612. The term does not include a transaction merely because the parties’ agreement provides that their communications about the transaction will be in the form of computer information.”

211 SECTION 112. MANIFESTING ASSENT.

(a) [How person manifests assent.] A person manifests assent to a record or term if the person, acting with knowledge of, or after having an opportunity to review the record or term or acopy of it:

212 SECTION 113. OPPORTUNITY TO REVIEW.

起相對人注意並允許審閱之方式下可以認為相對人有審閱訊息或條項之機會，也 就是說審閱機會的前提是相對人能夠注意到此種條款，此外UCITA 並另外規定，

如果在受到契約拘束後始獲得審閱機會時，有退回之權利。

另外大量市場授權契約(mass-market license)與我國定型化契約概念類似，依 SECTION 102.²¹³ 之定義，所謂大量市場授權契約，係指用於大量市場交易(mass-market transaction)之標準格式，大量市場交易即指消費者契約或是授權最終使用 者為公眾或零售交易，而大量市場授權契約規範在 SECTION 209²¹⁴，其規定大

(a) [Manner of availability generally.] A person has an opportunity to review a record or term only if it is made available in a manner that ought to call it to the attention of a reasonable person and permit review.

213 SECTION 102. DEFINITIONS.

(44) “Mass-market license” means a standard form used in a mass-market transaction.

(45) “Mass-market transaction” means a transaction that is:

(A) a consumer contract; or

(B) any other transaction with an end-user licensee if:

(i) the transaction is for information or informational rights directed to the general public as a whole, including consumers, under substantially the same terms for the same information;

(ii) the licensee acquires the information or informational rights in a retail transaction under terms and in a quantity consistent with an ordinary transaction in a retail market; and

(iii) the transaction is not:

(I) a contract for redistribution or for public performance or public display of a copyrighted work;

(II) a transaction in which the information is customized or otherwise specially prepared by the licensor for the licensee, other than minor customization using a capability of the information intended for that purpose;

(III) a site license; or (IV) an access contract.

214 SECTION 209. MASS-MARKET LICENSE.

(a) [Limitation on terms.] Adoption of the terms of a mass-market license under Section 208 is effective only if the party agrees to the license, such as by manifesting assent, before or during the party’s initial performance or use of or access to the information. A term is not part of the license if:

(1) the term is unconscionable or is unenforceable under Section 105(a) or (b);

(2) subject to Section 301, the term conflicts with a term to which the parties to the license have expressly agreed;

(3) under Section 113, the licensee does not have an opportunity to review the term before agreeing to it;

or

(4) the term is not available to the licensee after assent to the license in one or more of the following forms:

(A) an immediately available non electronic record that the licensee may keep;

(B) an immediately available electronic record that can be printed or stored by the licensee for archival and review purposes; or

(C) in a copy available at no additional cost on a seasonable request in a record by a licensee that was unable to print or store the license for archival and review purposes.

(b) [Right of return and reimbursement.] If a mass-market license or a copy of the license is not available in a manner permitting an opportunity to review by the licensee before the licensee becomes obligated to pay and the licensee does not agree, such as by manifesting assent,to the license after having an opportunity to review, the licensee is entitled to a return under Section 113 and, in addition, to:

(1) reimbursement of any reasonable expenses incurred in complying with the licensor’s instructions for returning or destroying the computer information or, in the absence of instructions, expenses incurred for return postage or similar reasonable expense in returning the computer information; and

量市場授權契約之條項被有效採用之前提，在一方同意授權，而同意授權之方式 例如事先使用或可得使用相關資訊後之明示同意，並臚列不納入契約內容之情況：

例如非良心的(unconscionable)或是無法執行(unenforceable)的條項、依 Section 301 與明確協議之條項相衝突之條項、在 Section 113 下被授權人在同意前無審閱契 會(opportunity to review)，作為相對人是否同意契約、受契約拘束之前提，與我 國定型化契約條款之審閱期間作為條款訂入契約、構成契約內容之前提，具有一 定的相似性，值得參考，並有指出兩者都是讓定型化契約條款相對人有時間及機 會閱讀，並有合理機會瞭解其內容，使其得自由斟酌，是否願意依系爭約款而締

(2) compensation for any reasonable and foreseeable costs of restoring the licensee’s information processing system to reverse changes in the system caused by the installation, if:

(A) the installation occurs because information must be installed to enable review of the license; and (B) the installation alters the system or information in it but does not restore the system or information after removal of the installed information because the licensee rejected the license.

(c) [Licensor’s opportunity to review.] In a mass-market transaction, if the licensor does not have an opportunity to review a record containing proposed terms from the licensee before the licensor delivers or becomes obligated to deliver the information, and if the licensor does not agree, such as by manifesting assent, to those terms after having that opportunity, the licensor is entitled to a return.

(d) [Notice of refund.] In a case governed by subsection (b), notice must be given in the license or otherwise that a refund may be obtained from the person to which the payment was made or other person designated in the notice if the licensee refuses the terms.

215 陳曉帆（2001），《線上電腦軟體交易契約法律問題研究》，頁 107-116，東吳大學法律研究所

結契約²¹⁸。然而不同之處在於，UCITA 中未受審閱機會之保護之結果，相對人可 以退貨，我國制度則是該條款不構成契約之內容。