同步口譯之幽默訊息處理策略之探討

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(1)國立臺灣師範大學翻譯研究所碩士論文 A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Institute of Translation and Interpretation National Taiwan Normal University. 指導教授：陳子瑋博士 Advisor: Dr. Tze-wei Chen. 同步口譯之幽默訊息處理策略之探討 An Exploration of the Strategies in Treating Verbal and Non-verbal Humor during Simultaneous Interpreting. 研究生: 葉宸昀 Advisee: Chen-yun Yeh. 中華民國一○四年一月 January 2015.

(2) 摘要. 本研究試圖探討同步口譯學習者在面對演講當中的幽默語段會採取何種策略處理。本研究設計四個步驟，首先請 10 名口譯學習者同步口譯兩支帶有幽默語段的影片，觀察並分析其產出。為了解英語母語人士與中文母語觀眾對於原文理解的差異是否跟口譯員的表現有關，本研究分別邀請 9 名英語母語人士以及 22 名中文母語人士針對影片中的笑點給予評價。另一方面，為探討譯文是否能使中文母語觀眾同樣感受到幽默的刺激，本研究邀請 47 名中文母語觀眾聽譯文。透過中文母語觀眾的反應來和譯者翻譯過程中所遇到的困難做比較，並透過 Attardo 於 1991 所提出的語言幽默通論分析原文各笑點以及譯者的譯文，從中探討譯文對於觀眾而言好笑或不好笑的原因。. 關鍵字：同步口譯、幽默、語言幽默通論. i.

(3) Abstract This study aims to explore how the simultaneous interpreting learners deal with humorous discourses and discover the strategies they tend to adopt. There are four steps in this study. First, 10 simultaneous interpreting learners are asked to interpret two video clips with humorous discourses simultaneously. Then the researcher examines and analyzes their translation. Second, 9 native English speakers as well as 22 native Chinese speakers are invited to evaluate those humorous discourses in the two video clips selected by the researcher. These two steps are designed in order to observe if the difference based on the ratio between the native English speakers and native Chinese speakers has anything to do with the performance of the interpreters. Last, in order to see if the Chinese audience can sense the humor from the translation of the two clips, 47 native Chinese speakers are invited to watch the translated version of the video clip. Thus the researcher tries to compare the relation between the two results and look into both the difficulties and the phenomenon when dealing with these discourses by using General theory of Verbal Humor, proposed by Salvatore Attardo in 1991.. Keywords: simultaneous interpreting, humor, General Theory of Verbal Humor. ii.

(4) 目次摘要 ··························································································i Abstract······················································································ii 目次 ··························································································iii 表目錄 ·······················································································v 圖目錄 ·······················································································vii 謝誌 ··························································································viii 第一章緒論 ···············································································1 第一節研究背景與動機 ··························································1 第二節研究架構與方法 ··························································3 第三節研究問題 ···································································3 第二章文獻回顧 ·········································································5 第一節口譯及同步口譯 ·····························································5 一、口譯 ··············································································5 二、同步口譯的技巧 ······························································8 三、幽默的口譯·····································································11 第二節引起發笑的原因 ·····························································12 第三節幽默的相關理論 ·····························································13 一、幽默的定義·····································································13 二、幽默的不同分類 ······························································16 第四節語言幽默和非語言幽默 ····················································20 一、雙關語及口音的幽默 ························································20 二、非語言幽默 (Non-verbal humor)···········································22 第五節語言幽默通論 (General Theory of Verbal Humor, GTVH) ··········23 第六節不一致 (incongruity) ························································31 第七節翻譯中的對等 (Equivalence) ·············································33 第八節小結 ············································································35 第三章研究方法 ·········································································37 第一節研究目的與範圍 ·····························································37 第二節研究對象 ······································································37 第三節實驗研究素材 ································································38 第四節同步口譯實驗及譯文評分之預試 ········································39 第五節實驗流程 ······································································40 第六節幽默原文分析及英語母語人士意見 ·····································42 第七節中文母語觀眾對原文的反應 ··············································71 一、影片一···········································································71 二、影片二···········································································78 iii.

(5) 第八節中英文母語對原文影片之反應比較 ·····································83 第四章影片一之結果與討論 ··························································85 第一節語段 1-1 之比較 ·····························································85 第二節語段 1-2 之比較 ·····························································87 第三節語段 1-3 之比較 ·····························································90 第四節語段 1-4 之比較 ·····························································92 第五節語段 1-5 之比較 ·····························································94 第六節語段 1-6 之比較 ·····························································97 第七節語段 1-7 之比較 ·····························································99 第八節語段 1-8 之比較 ·····························································100 第五章影片二之結果與討論 ··························································104 第一節語段 2-1 之比較 ·····························································104 第二節語段 2-2 之比較 ·····························································107 第三節語段 2-3 之比較 ·····························································108 第四節語段 2-4 之比較 ·····························································111 第五節語段 2-5 之比較 ·····························································113 第六節語段 2-6 之比較 ·····························································116 第七節語段 2-7 之比較 ·····························································118 第八節語段 2-8 之比較 ·····························································121 第九節語段 2-9 之比較 ·····························································123 第六章結論與討論 ······································································127 第一節研究成果摘要 ································································127 第二節整體趨勢分析 ································································129 第三節研究限制 ······································································150 第四節實際教學與實務應用 ·······················································152 第五節未來研究之建議 ·····························································153 參考文獻 ····················································································155 附錄一(訪談同意書)······································································159 附錄二(影片簡介)·········································································160 附錄三(實驗紀錄及事後訪談表) ······················································161 附錄四(觀眾評分暨意見表) ····························································165 附錄五(影片原文逐字稿) ·······························································167. iv.

(6) 表目錄表 2-1 本研究採用之理論 ······························································35 表 3-1 幽默語段 1-1 知識資源分析···················································44 表 3-2 英語母語人士意見 ······························································44 表 3-3 幽默語段 1-2 知識資源分析···················································46 表 3-4 英語母語人士意見 ······························································46 表 3-5 幽默語段 1-3 知識資源分析···················································47 表 3-6 英語母語人士意見 ······························································48 表 3-7 幽默語段 1-4 知識資源分析···················································49 表 3-8 英語母語人士意見 ······························································49 表 3-9 幽默語段 1-5 知識資源分析···················································50 表 3-10 英語母語人士意見 ·····························································51 表 3-11 英語母語人士意見 ·····························································52 表 3-12 英語母語人士意見 ·····························································53 表 3-13 表 3-14 表 3-15 表 3-16 表 3-17 表 3-18 表 3-19 表 3-20. 幽默語段 1-8 知識資源分析 ·················································55 英語母語人士意見 ·····························································55 幽默語段 2-1 知識資源分析 ·················································56 英語母語人士意見 ·····························································57 幽默語段 2-2 知識資源分析 ·················································58 英語母語人士意見 ·····························································58 幽默語段 2-3 知識資源分析 ·················································59 英語母語人士意見 ·····························································60. 表 3-21 表 3-22 表 3-23 表 3-24 表 3-25 表 3-26 表 3-27 表 3-28 表 3-29 表 3-30. 幽默語段 2-4 知識資源分析 ·················································61 英語母語人士意見 ·····························································61 幽默語段 2-5 知識資源分析 ·················································63 英語母語人士意見 ·····························································63 幽默語段 2-6 知識資源分析 ·················································64 英語母語人士意見 ·····························································65 英語母語人士意見 ·····························································66 幽默語段 2-8 知識資源分析 ·················································67 英語母語人士意見 ·····························································67 幽默語段 2-9 知識資源分析 ·················································69. 表 3-31 英語母語人士意見 ·····························································69 表 3-32 英語母語人士意見 ·····························································70 表 3-33 中文母語聽眾對影片一原文之各笑點評分 ·······························77 表 3-34 中文母語聽眾對影片二原文之各笑點評分 ······························82 表 3-35 中英語母語人士對原文覺得好笑的比例 ·································84 表 4-1 各譯者的譯文版本 ······························································85 v.

(7) 表 4-2 各譯者的譯文版本 ······························································88 表 4-3 各譯者的譯文版本 ·······························································90 表 4-4 各譯者的譯文版本 ·······························································93 表 4-5 各譯者的譯文版本 ·······························································95 表 4-6 各譯者的譯文版本 ·······························································97 表 4-7 各譯者的譯文版本 ·······························································99 表 4-8 各譯者的譯文版本 ·······························································101 表 4-9 各譯者的譯文版本 ·······························································103 表 5-1 各譯者的譯文版本 ······························································104 表 5-2 各譯者的譯文版本 ······························································107 表 5-3 各譯者的譯文版本 ······························································109 表 5-4 各譯者的譯文版本 ······························································111 表 5-5 各譯者的譯文版本 ······························································114 表 5-6 各譯者的譯文版本 ······························································116 表 5-7 各譯者的譯文版本 ······························································118 表 5-8 各譯者的譯文版本 ······························································121 表 5-9 各譯者的譯文版本 ······························································123 表 5-10 中文母語聽眾對影片二譯文之各笑點評分 ······························126 表 6-1 正確翻譯比例 ····································································132 表 6-2 所有笑點之分類、策略及觀眾反應 ·········································132 表 6-3 譯文幽默語段 1-1 知識資源分析·············································134 表 6-4 譯文幽默語段 1-2 知識資源分析·············································135 表 6-5 譯文幽默語段 1-3 知識資源分析·············································136 表 6-6 譯文幽默語段 1-4 知識資源分析·············································137 表 6-7 譯文幽默語段 1-5 知識資源分析·············································138 表 6-8 譯文幽默語段 1-8 知識資源分析·············································140 表 6-9 譯文幽默語段 2-1 知識資源分析·············································141 表 6-10 譯文幽默語段 2-2 知識資源分析 ···········································142 表 6-11 譯文幽默語段 2-3 知識資源分析 ···········································143 表 6-12 譯文幽默語段 2-4 知識資源分析 ···········································144 表 6-13 譯文幽默語段 2-5 知識資源分析 ···········································145 表 6-14 譯文幽默語段 2-6 知識資源分析 ···········································146 表 6-15 譯文幽默語段 2-8 知識資源分析 ···········································147 表 6-16 譯文幽默語段 2-9 知識資源分析 ···········································148. vi.

(8) 圖目錄圖 2-1 六個知識資源之相似性等級 ··················································29 圖 2-2 分析語言幽默之雙元樹狀圖 ···················································31 圖 2-3 「失諧─解困」的理論模型 ···················································32 圖 3-1 本研究之流程 ····································································42 圖 3-2 語段 1-6 圖像式非語言幽默···················································53. vii.

(9) 謝誌這本論文能夠完成，首先要感謝我的指導教授陳子瑋老師，在寫論文的過程中總是給我寶貴的建議以及值得思考的方向，也謝謝老師能如此包容我。同時，也由衷感謝我的兩位口試委員，汝明麗老師以及張中倩老師，不吝提供許多可以改進的地方。感謝師大翻譯所的栽培。感謝所上的師長、行政人員、同學和學長姊弟妹，不管是湊齊受試者人數、及時提供我所需要的參考資料、回答我各式各樣的疑難雜症，甚至提振士氣的話語或貼心禮物，都是足以讓我有信心持續寫論文的動力。感謝身邊的朋友給我的精神支柱。此外，也要感謝所有實驗受試者的參與，沒有你們的幫忙，這本論文不可能會有完成的一天。最後，當然要感謝我的父母還有親友，感謝父母給予我最大的資源還有鼓勵，讓我能夠順利求學，完成碩士學業。. viii.

(10) 第一章緒論. 第一節研究背景與動機. 在台灣的同步口譯研究中，研究的主題可分為課程教學、理論現象、技巧策略、品質評量、相關實務以及研究現況等六大類 (徐郁雯, 2014)。本研究則是探討口譯當中的處理技巧及策略。Pöchhacker (1995) 指出，演講當中笑話和好笑的故事對口譯員來說，是所有挑戰中最令人感到害怕的。然而，會議口譯的文獻大多數都是在探討同步口譯的模式 (mode)，例如處理原語的速度 (input rate)、停頓 (pause)、句法差異 (syntactic divergence)、原文訊息密度 (source-text density)、數字和名字等等 (Pavlicek and Pöchhacker, 2002)，跟同步口譯中和幽默有關的有系統的實證研究卻很少。. 幽默在溝通當中扮演著舉足輕重的角色，有著許多正面的作用，例如在演講的一開始，為了避免場面氣氛過於沉重，如果講者能夠適時的講個笑話，甚至透過肢體語言炒熱氣氛，便有助於暖場，使觀眾更能投入。並且，在比較長時間的演講中，講者也可以利用笑話引起觀眾的注意力，以避免觀眾越聽越對演講失去興趣。此外，在會議、政治活動、家裡或是工作等等場合，運用幽默得體的話，便是一件討喜的事情，例如可以拉近人與人之間的關係，或是使場面更加輕鬆。但是，幽默就像兩面刃一樣，如果用錯方式，就會產生負面的效果，例如使人難堪、造成雙方的誤會，甚至帶來壓力等等 (Meyer, 1997)。. Veatch (1998) 認為，幽默是對荒謬事物感受的能力 (affective absurdity)，也是使人發笑的心理狀態。至於對荒謬事物的感受能力則有三個充分必要條件。第一，這個條件要有違背感受者「主觀道德原則 (subjective moral principle)」的認. 1.