第 三 節 未 來 研 究 發 展 建 議
關於非母語者華語教師的問題是在對外華語教學上的一個新的領域，也 是一個很大的領域。雖然本研究針對此領域的一部分，但是只能做一個初步 的介紹。筆者相信，此領域跟在對外英文教學上的非母語者教師的問題一 樣，十分值得學者的注意，可以給對外華語教學提供一些特別的貢獻。
為了更瞭解非母語者華語教師的特色、工作情況、遇到的問題等，有很多方 面可以研究。下面提出的是一些可以當作未來研究的目標：
一、學生對母語者和非母語者華語教師的看法
因為他們是教學的接受者，學生當然在關於教學的問題上佔了十分重要 的地位。為了更深地瞭解非母語者可以提供給學生的幫助，一定要更瞭解學 生的看法。在其他語言教學上已經出現了不少關於此問題的研究，對外華語
教學也將應該注意到。
二、學校人員對非母語者華語教師的看法
在學校服務人員的態度，特別是負責雇用及管理教師們的人員的態度也 會影響教師們的工作情況，甚至工作上的有效。如果學校的人員對非母語者 教師有一些負面的刻板印象，會造成教師們在工作上的困難。而且，因為這 些人員的工作，在日常生活上跟教師們的工作沒有很明顯的關係，可能不容 易受到注意。但是，學校人員的態度就可能是決定一位教師是否被學校雇用 最重要的因素。怎麼改變對於非母語者教師的負面刻板印象，這也可以當作 一個很重要的題目。
三、各國的非母語者華語教師
本研究以在美國教書的非母語者華語教師為焦點，但是他們只是非母語 者華語教師中的一部分。雖然本研究提出了一些關於非母語者華語教師的一 般討論，但是來自不同國家、不同語言背景及不同文化背景的非母語者華語 教師一定會各有特色。例如，來自日本或巴西的非母語者華語教師跟他們美 國的同事一定有不同的特色，他們和母語者教師之間的差別也不同，教學上 遇到的問題也一定有差別。
四、非母語者華語教師專業培訓的情況
專業培訓對於非母語者華語教師來說是一件十分重要的事，不過本研究 的對象中比較少受過專門提供給非母語者華語教師的課程。本研究的範圍有
限，不能更仔細地調查專業培訓的問題，不過這方面一定值得更深的討論。
可以研究的問題可能包括非母語者華語教師在專業培訓上的需要、他們的專 業培訓上需要跟母語者教師的比較、目前提供專業培訓的學校的調查等。
五、非母語者和母語者華語教師的合作
本研究的對象大部分認為，最理想的教學環境包括來自兩種語言背景的 教師。為了讓兩種教師最有效的幫助學生的學習過程，他們一定要建立教學 上的合作。瞭解兩種教師的特色及可以提供的教學優點，才可以設計有效的 合作。因此，進行探索更多合作機會的研究，會提供學生更有效的教學引導 方法。
六、在第三個國家教華語的非母語者華語教師
雖然非母語者華語教師大部分在自己的國家教華語，但是有些教師去其 他的國家，而使用另外一個外語來教華語，如在本研究的4位母語非英文的教 師。使用自己的母語，而在自己的文化環境內教華語跟在另外一個國家，使 用外語教華語當然不一樣，教師們要面臨的挑戰也不同。這些會說多種外語 的華語教師雖然人數不多，可是因為他們的語言和文化知識，及特別教學經 驗，一定值得學者們的關注。
七、非母語者華語教師的漢學背景
對母語者華語教師來說，漢學是否必要，學者們有不同的看法。非母語 者華語教師需不需要漢學背景，這也是個十分有意思的問題。對於非母語者
教師來說，漢學一定會幫助更深入的瞭解語言和文化，可是到底會不會對教 學有幫助？這個問題也可以當作一個很有價值的課題進行深入研究。
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附錄
問卷調查
A.
background/背景
1. Your native language:您的母語為何?
2. Current location:
您目前教的地點在哪裡?
3. How many years/ at what academic level did you study to qualify as a teacher of Chinese as a foreign language?
請說明您受過華語專業培訓(包含時間、內容、方式等)。
4. How many years of experience do you have as a Chinese teacher?
請問您的實際華語教學經驗有多久?
5. Type of school you teach at:
請問您服務的學校名稱為何?
6. What age group are you teaching?
請問您曾教過的學生年齡為何?
kindergarten/幼兒園 elementary school/小學 high school/國中／高中 college/大學
other/其他
7. What level are you teaching?
請問您班級學生的程度大約為何？
beginner/初級 intermediate/中級 advanced/高級 all levels/都有
8. What is your average teaching load a week?
請問您每周教學時數大約多少？
B.
Professional experience as a NNST(Non-native-Speaking Teacher)／非
母語者華語教師在工作上的經驗9. Describe briefly the teaching methods you apply in your teaching Chinese as a foreign language
請問您在華語教學課堂主要使用的教學法為何？
10. What do you regard as the advantage of being a non-native teacher?
您認為身為非母語者華語教師的優勢是什麼？
11. What do you regard as the disadvantage of being a non-native teacher?
您認為身為非母語者華語教師的劣勢是什麼？
12. Among the teachers of Chinese in your school, what is the proportion of those who are native speakers of Chinese?
請問您的學校在雇用母語者與非母語者華語教師的比例為何？
13. Do you see any difference between native and non-native speaker teachers of Chinese in the way of their teaching the foreign language? If yes, what is the difference?
以您之見，母語者與非母語者華語教師在所用的教學方法方面是否有差別
？如果有，請描述。
14. Do you see any difference between native and non-native speaker teachers of Chinese about the content of their teaching the foreign language? If yes, what is the difference?
以您之見,母語者與非母語者華語教師所教授的教學內容是否有差別?如果 有，請描述。
15. In your experience, do students have a different attitude toward native speaker and non-native speaker teachers? If yes, please describe.
根據您的教學經驗,學生對母語者與非母語者華語教師是否有不同的態度?
如果有，請描述。
16. In your experience, do native teachers have a different attitude toward native speaker and non-native speaker teachers? If yes, please describe.
根據您的經驗?母語者華語教師對母語者與非母語者華語教師是否有不同的 態度？如果有，請描述。
17. Who do you think is more successful in teaching Chinese as a foreign
依您之見, 母語者或非母語者華語教師何者在教學上比較有效?
18. Is there any organized cooperation between native and non-native speaker teachers of Chinese in your school? If yes, briefly describe it.
請問您服務的學校哩，母語者華語教師及非母語者華語教師之間是否安排 彼此互助合作的機會？如果有，請描述。
19. In what form do you think the cooperation between native and non-native speaker teachers of Chinese could be established or made effective?
依您之見,母語者與非母語者華語教師之間的合作應該要怎麼安排才會比較 有效?
20. If you were in charge of administering your school, what proportion of native speaker vs. non-native speaker teachers of Chinese would you employ in the Chinese department?
假設您是您所服務學校裡負責行政的人員，您想雇用的母語者與非母語者 華語教的比例會是如何?
21. Have your school offered any form of in-service training? If yes, was there any difference in the training for native speaker and non-native speaker
teachers? Did you find the training effective? Please briefly describe.
請問您所服務的學校是否提供在職的培訓?如果有,提供給母語者與非母語 者華語教師的培訓是否一樣？您覺得培訓是否有效？請描述。
22. Do you feel your rank, salary, and benefits have been positively or
negatively affected by your being a non-native Chinese instructor, or do you feel
negatively affected by your being a non-native Chinese instructor, or do you feel